Exam 1  Use this document to research your answers. Once you are ready, complete the BlackBoard  assessment exam for course credit. This exam covers Chapters 13, 14, 15, & 20.  Chapter 13  1. How we define a construct will affect the way we measure it. (T/F)  2. How much a person weighs is best described as an example of a(n) _____ scale.  a. ordinal  b. interval  c. ratio  d. nominal  3. Which of the following is a defining characteristic in determining between ratio and interval  scales?  a. number of items  b. absolute zero  c. number of intervals  d. nominal values  4. Which of the following is an indicator of a measure’s internal consistency?  a. reliability  b. validity  c. coefficient beta  d. sensitivity  5. When a researcher measures the reliability of an instrument by comparing the results of the  odd-numbered questions with the results of the even-numbered questions, this is an example of  _____ reliability.  a. test-retest  b. split-half  c. equivalent-forms  d. criterion  6. Carla is using education, income, and occupation to develop a measure of social class. What  type of measure for social class is she developing?  a. index measure  b. valid measure  c. reliable measure  d. concurrent measure  7. The ability of a measuring instrument to measure what it is supposed to measure is the basic  purpose of _____.  a. reliability  1Exam 1  b. validity  c. sensitivity  d. indexing  8. A researcher who administers the same scale to the same respondents at two separate times to  test for stability is using which method of assessing the scale’s reliability?  a. coefficient alpha  b. split-half method  c. test-retest method  d. before/after method  9. When a group of experts agrees that a measuring instrument measures what it is intended to  measure, we say that the instrument has _____ validity.  a. face  b. criterion  c. test-retest  d. equivalent-forms  10. When respondents are asked to place local shopping malls so that their first choice is 1, their  second choice is 2, and so forth, this is best-described as an example of a(n) _____ scale.  a. ordinal  b. ratio  c. interval  d. nominal  Chapter 14  11. A person’s knowledge about a brand is part of the affective component of that person’s  attitude toward that brand. (T/F)  12. What type of scale is the following?  Please an X at the position on the horizontal line that most reflects your feelings regarding the  atmosphere of this restaurant.  Modern _______________ Old-fashioned  a. graphic rating  b. Likert  c. linear  d. category   13. A person’s attitude toward Tide detergent can be directly observed. (T/F)  2Exam 1  14. A type of scale that demands that respondents divide points among several attributes to  indicate their relative importance is called a:  a. constant-sum scale  b. Likert scale  c. Stapel scale  d. semantic differential  15. When a respondent is asked: ‘How often, on the average, do you take a smoke break during  working hours?’ and is asked to indicate her answer by circling one of the following: never,  rarely, sometimes, often, very often, this is an example of a _____ scale.  a. semantic differential  b. Likert  c. category  d. constant-sum  16. If a Likert scale statement is worded negatively, the scoring of this item needs to recoded so  that its score values are the opposite of the values of a statement that is positively worded. (T/F)  17. Ranking asks the respondent to estimate the magnitude or the extent to which some  characteristic exists. (T/F)  18. ‘I love my job’ is an example of which component of an attitude toward one’s job?  a. affective  b. behavioral  c. cognitive  d. perceptive  19. Which attitude component represents a person’s awareness and knowledge of the relative  matter?  a. affective  b. cognitive  c. behavioral  d. personal  20. When a respondent is required to choose one of the fixed alternatives, what type of scale is  being used?  a. semantic differential  b. forced-choice  c. non-forced-choice  d. symmetric  3Exam 1  4  Chapter 15  21. ‘Do you own a cell phone? _____ Yes  a. leading  b. simple-dichotomy  c. loaded  d. open-ended response  _____ No’ is an example of what type of question?  22. Question wording and sequence can substantially influence accuracy. (T/F)  23. ‘Can you name five brands of tires?’ is an example of what type of question?  a. fixed-alternative  b. pivot  c. open-ended response  d. filter  24. A loaded question suggests a socially desirable answer or is emotionally charged. (T/F)  25. A question such as: ‘Have you ever received a speeding ticket? _____ Yes _____ No,’  when followed by a question such as: ‘When did you receive that ticket?’ is an example of what  type of question?  a. double-barreled  b. leading  c. filter  d. anchoring  26. ‘In light of the current economic crisis, do you agree or disagree that the President of the  United States is doing a good job of managing the economy?’ is an example of what type of  question?  a. counterbalancing  b. order bias  c. double-barreled  d. loaded  27. ‘What is your favorite hobby, playing video games, or what?’ is an example of what type of  question?  a. loaded  b. pivot  c. filter  d. leadingExam 1  5  28. An introductory statement or preamble to a potentially embarrassing question that reduces a  respondent’s reluctance to answer by suggesting that certain behavior is not unusual is called a:  a. filter question  b. lead-in statement  c. split-ballot question  d. counterbiasing statement  29. A fixed-alternative question may tempt respondents to check an answer that is more  prestigious or socially acceptable than the true answer. (T/F)  30. Which of the following occurs when respondents believe that past events happened more  recently than they actually did?  a. telescoping  b. squishing  c. myopic remembering  d. zooming  Chapter 20  31. Combining the data from adjacent categories of a Likert-scale item is a common form of data  transformation. (True/False)  32. Which of the following is used to simplify and clarify data?  a. tables  b. graphs  c. charts  d. all of the above  33. When a data set is unimodal, a median split of the data will lead to error. (True/False)  34. Scores or observations recalibrated to indicate how they relate to a base number are referred  to as:  a. index numbers  b. rank orders  c. elaborated numbers  d. real numbers  35. A researcher is reviewing average household income data and sees that one household  reported an annual income of over $1 million. This value lies outside the normal range of the  data and is called a(n):  a. abnormality  b. marginal  c. outlier  d. quartileExam 1  6  36. Which of the following is a graphical way of showing the frequency distribution in which the  height of a bar corresponds to the frequency of a category?  a. perceptual map  b. histogram  c. contingency table  d. frequency chart  37. Arranging data into a table is called:  a. tabulation  b. frequency  c. analysis  d. interpretation  38. Arranging data so that the number of times each category occurs is called a(n) ________  table.  a. cross-tabulation  b. frequency  c. percentage  d. pre-coding  39. The conventional rule for computing percentages in a contingency table is to compute the  percentages in the direction of the:  a. independent variable  b. marginal totals  c. dependent variable  d. column mean  40. When a third variable inserted into the analysis changes the results when two other variables  were studied previously, this third variable is called a moderator variable. (True/False)